Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition that typically develops after 20 weeks. This condition, which affects both mother and baby, is caused by changes in blood pressure and the way the placenta functions. It may lead to symptoms like protein in the urine or complications involving the liver, brain, or blood.
During your pregnancy, a preeclampsia risk assessment may be offered around the time of your 13-week anatomy scan. This screening helps identify women who may benefit from early treatment or closer monitoring.
You might have questions about what it means to be in the “high-risk” category, how accurate the screening is, and whether being high risk means you will definitely develop preeclampsia.
Preeclampsia is a blood pressure syndrome that can affect some women from 20 weeks gestation onwards. It’s a condition unique to pregnancy that involves high blood pressure and signs of stress on other organs such as the kidneys, liver, and brain. One of the earliest indicators can be protein leaking into the urine.
In more serious cases, preeclampsia can lead to complications such as poor growth in the baby, or early delivery. Although these outcomes are rare, they highlight the importance of early detection and careful monitoring.
Preeclampsia is not the same as chronic high blood pressure, although the two can overlap. It develops specifically in pregnancy and usually resolves after birth, but it requires active management to reduce risks for both mother and baby.
Ultrasound of the blood flow through a uterine artery (Transabdominal assessment of the uterine artery Doppler waveform in the first trimester)
2. Who is considered high risk?
A preeclampsia risk assessment helps identify women who may benefit from early intervention. This screening is usually performed during your 13-week ultrasound scan and combines information from your medical history, blood pressure, and specialised tests. It can detect up to 80% of women who may go on to develop early preeclampsia.
The threshold for being classified as “at risk” is low. If your estimated risk is 1% or greater, you will be considered in the high-risk group. This simply means your risk is higher than the background population, not that you will definitely develop the condition.
Factors that increase the chance of being classified as high risk include:
A history of high blood pressure, kidney disease, diabetes, or autoimmune conditions
First pregnancy or a large gap since your last pregnancy
Multiple pregnancy (e.g. twins or triplets)
Assisted conception (e.g. IVF)
Family history of preeclampsia (mother or sisters)
Higher maternal age or elevated BMI
Being labelled high risk can feel concerning, but it allows for preventative strategies and closer follow-up that can improve outcomes.
3. Screening and early detection
Preeclampsia risk screening is usually done at the time of your 13-week anatomy scan. It combines several pieces of information to estimate your individual risk. This includes:
Your medical and pregnancy history
Blood pressure readings
Blood test results (including markers like PAPP-A and PlGF)
Uterine artery Doppler measurements, which assess blood flow to the placenta
This assessment is designed to catch early signs of concern, well before any symptoms appear. If your risk is calculated at 1% or more, your care team may recommend starting preventative treatment.
It’s important to remember that the risk estimate is not a diagnosis. Many women identified as high risk go on to have healthy pregnancies without developing preeclampsia. The aim of early detection is to personalise care and reduce the likelihood of complications through early intervention.
4. Preventative measures
If you are identified as high risk for preeclampsia, your doctor may recommend starting preventative treatment early in pregnancy. One of the most effective measures is low-dose aspirin.
Research shows that taking 150 mg of aspirin each night from before 16 weeks gestation can reduce the risk or delay the onset of preeclampsia by up to 80%. This dose is equal to half of a standard 300 mg tablet and is usually taken at night. Most women will be advised to continue taking it until between 34 and 36 weeks of pregnancy.
This dose of aspirin is considered safe in pregnancy unless you have a known allergy or a medical reason not to take it. Always check with your doctor before starting.
5. Monitoring and management
If you are considered high risk for preeclampsia, your pregnancy care will usually include closer monitoring to detect any early changes. This may involve:
Frequent blood pressure checks
Urine testing for protein
Regular blood tests to monitor kidney and liver function
Ongoing growth scans to assess your baby’s development and placental function
Your care team will look for early signs that the condition may be developing so that timely decisions can be made. If preeclampsia is confirmed, medication may be prescribed to help control blood pressure.
In some cases, hospitalisation is needed, particularly if the condition worsens or your baby is not growing well. The goal is to continue the pregnancy safely for as long as possible, while reducing the risk of complications.
Monitoring helps your care team balance the needs of both mother and baby, aiming to optimise outcomes while planning the safest timing and mode of delivery.
6. Conclusion
Being identified as high risk for preeclampsia can be unsettling, but it provides an opportunity for early intervention and tailored care. With screening available from 13 weeks of gestation, many women at increased risk can benefit from proven preventative measures like low-dose aspirin.
Regular monitoring, growth scans, and blood pressure checks will help your care team manage your pregnancy safely. Most women in the high-risk category go on to have healthy pregnancies and births.
If you have questions about your risk, screening results, or treatment options, speak with your doctor.
7. Video transcript
This is some information about your preeclampsia risk assessment and what it means if you are high risk. Preeclampsia is a blood pressure syndrome of pregnancy that can affect some women from 20 weeks gestation onwards. It causes high blood pressure, leaking protein in the urine and changes in the blood, brain and liver. In some rare cases. This can result in baby being small or born prematurely. Preeclampsia risk assessment identifies up to 80% of women who may develop this condition early. This risk assessment is performed at the time of your 13 week anatomy scan. It’s important to understand that we have a very low threshold for identifying someone at increased risk. If your risk is 1% or higher, you will fall into the at risk group. At risk means higher than the background population, but it certainly does not mean you will definitely develop the condition. It has been shown that starting aspirin before 16 weeks of pregnancy can reduce the chance or delay the onset of developing preeclampsia by up to 80%. The dose of aspirin recommended is 150 milligrams. This is half of a 300 milligram tablet. It’s best taken at nighttime every night until you are between 34 and 36 weeks gestation. This dose is considered safe, providing of course that you have no allergies or medical issues that prevent you from taking aspirin. Please check with your doctor to confirm that they are happy for you to commence aspirin. If you have any vaginal bleeding after commencing the aspirin, we recommend you cease its use and speak to your doctor for further advice.
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A morphology scan is an exciting and important part of pregnancy care, usually performed between 20 – 22 weeks. It provides a detailed look at your baby’s development, checking everything from major organs to limb growth and placenta health. The morphology scan will also look at your cervix.
Many parents have questions about what to expect, including how accurate the scan is, whether it can detect all abnormalities, and if it will reveal the baby’s gender.
You might also wonder what happens if the baby is in a difficult position, whether you can bring a support person, or if additional scans might be needed.
In this fact sheet, we’ll answer these common questions so you can feel prepared and confident for your upcoming scan:
During a morphology scan, you’ll lie on an examination bed while the sonographer applies a warm ultrasound gel to your abdomen. This helps the ultrasound probe move smoothly and capture clear images. The scan is painless, though you may feel some light pressure as the sonographer moves the probe around to check different areas.
The sonographer will carefully examine your baby’s major organs, limbs, spine, brain, and face. They will also check the cervix, placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid levels to ensure everything is developing as expected. If the baby is in a difficult position, you may be asked to shift positions or take a short walk to encourage movement.
The scan usually takes 45 minutes, but this can vary depending on a variety of reasons such as fetal position or if there were any concerns visualised during the scan. If clear images aren’t obtained, you may need a follow-up scan. While the sonographer can explain what they’re looking at, the final report is sent to your doctor.
Fetal heart assessment
Can a Morphology Scan Detect Everything?
A morphology scan provides a detailed assessment of your baby’s development, but it can’t detect everything. It is primarily used to check for structural abnormalities in major organs, limbs, and the spine. However, some conditions may not be visible at this stage, and certain issues, such as genetic disorders, cannot be diagnosed through ultrasound alone.
If the scan raises any concerns or if the images are unclear, your doctor may recommend follow-up scans or additional tests. This could include another ultrasound at a later stage, a fetal echocardiogram to check the baby’s heart, or more advanced testing like amniocentesis or NIPT (non-invasive prenatal testing) if a genetic condition is suspected.
Results from the scan are performed from highly trained sonographers interpreted by specialist doctors (Obstetric and gynaecology sonologists or Maternal Fetal Medicine specialists).
Will My Morphology Scan Show My Baby’s Gender?
A morphology scan can usually detect your baby’s gender, but it’s not guaranteed. The sonographer determines gender by looking at the baby’s external genitalia on the ultrasound. If the baby is in a good position with clear visibility, gender identification is usually accurate.
However, several factors can affect how well the sonographer can see the baby’s anatomy. Baby’s position, gestational age, amniotic fluid levels, and maternal body composition can all impact clarity. While accuracy is generally high,gender predictions are not 100% certain, due to a variety of reasons.
If the sonographer can’t determine gender, they may suggest waiting until a later scan, such as a growth scan, where gender may be more visible or request that it be checked by the reporting QUFW doctor. Some parents also choose to confirm through non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). NIPT has a high detection rate for chromosomal abnormalities such as Trisomy 21. As the sex chromosomes are also assessed, gender may also be provided. As this is still only a screening test, correlation of the external genitalia by the ultrasound and the NIPT results is recommended.
Please note, you can choose to wait until birth to discover your baby’s gender! At QUFW, we will not tell you unless you ask or we have checked with you previously.
How Accurate Is a Morphology Scan?
A morphology scan is a highly detailed ultrasound, but it isn’t 100% accurate in detecting all abnormalities. While it provides a thorough check of your baby’s organs, limbs, and overall development, some conditions may not be visible due to the limitations of ultrasound technology.
Several factors can affect the clarity of images, including baby’s position, placenta location, amniotic fluid levels, and larger bodied person. If the baby is facing away or in a difficult position, some areas may be harder to assess, and a follow-up scan may be needed.
Certain conditions only become apparent later in pregnancy as the baby grows. Some heart defects, skeletal conditions, and developmental concerns may not be obvious at 20–22 weeks but could be detected in later scans. If needed, your doctor may recommend additional ultrasounds or further testing to monitor your baby’s health as your pregnancy progresses.
The Difference Between a Morphology Scan and Other Pregnancy Scans
A morphology scan is different from other pregnancy scans because it provides a detailed structural assessment of your baby’s development. Unlike a dating scan, which is done earlier in pregnancy to estimate your due date, the morphology scan checks major organs, limbs, and the placenta to ensure everything is forming as expected. A morphology scan also assesses your cervix.
A growth scan, on the other hand, is typically done later in pregnancy to monitor fetal size, amniotic fluid levels, and placental function, rather than looking for structural abnormalities.
The morphology scan is an important milestone because it can help identify potential abnormalities and provide reassurance that your baby is developing well. It also helps assess the placenta’s position, which is important for planning a safe delivery.
Sometimes, additional scans are needed. If the morphology scan is inconclusive, a follow-up ultrasound may be recommended. Other reasons for extra scans include concerns about baby’s growth, placenta function, or specific medical conditions.
You are welcome to bring up to two support people to your morphology scan at QUFW, and one of them may be a child. Having a partner, family member, or close friend with you can make the experience more special and provide emotional support.
However, since this is a medical procedure, it’s important that the sonographer can concentrate on capturing accurate images and measurements.
Also, if bringing a child, the second support person should be an adult who can supervise them, as ultrasounds can take time and may not always hold a child’s attention.
If your partner or family member can’t attend, you may consider video calling them briefly during the scan (please ask us beforehand) or sharing images afterward. If you are a surrogate patient, QUFW is happy to discuss your specific needs when booking your appointment.
What If My Baby Is Not in a Good Position for the Scan?
If your baby is not in an ideal position during the morphology scan, the sonographer will try different techniques to improve visibility. They may ask you to change positions, such as rolling onto your side, or they might gently press on your abdomen to encourage movement. Sometimes, a short break, walking around, or drinking cold water can help stimulate the baby to move into a better position.
If the sonographer still can’t get clear images, they may ask you to return for a repeat scan on another day. This is common and doesn’t necessarily mean something is wrong—just that the baby wasn’t positioned well enough for a full assessment. Your healthcare provider will let you know if a follow-up scan is needed and what to expect.
A morphology scan is a detailed ultrasound performed between 20 and 22 weeks of pregnancy to assess your baby’s development. It checks major organs, the spine, limbs, and facial features, as well as the placenta, amniotic fluid,umbilical cord, and cervix. Many parents wonder what to expect during the scan, how long it takes, and how to prepare.
In this fact sheet, we’ll walk you through the entire process, including how the scan is performed, what the sonographer looks for, and what happens if your baby is in a tricky position. Understanding these details can help you feel more prepared and confident for your appointment.
When you arrive for your morphology scan, you’ll check in at the clinic and may be asked to fill out some paperwork. A QUFW sonographer, who is specifically trained in pregnancy ultrasounds, will call you into the scan room and explain the procedure.
You’ll be asked to lie on an examination bed, and the sonographer will apply a warm ultrasound gel to your abdomen. This gel helps the ultrasound probe (transducer) glide smoothly over your skin and allows the ultrasound image to be created. The sonographer will then move the probe across your belly in different directions, capturing detailed images of your baby from multiple angles. They may need to apply gentle pressure to get a clearer view, particularly when examining specific organs or structures. If you have any concerns, please don’t hesitate to discuss this with your sonographer during your scan.
For more information about this process, read here.
What The Sonographer Looks For
During the morphology scan, the sonographer conducts a detailed examination of your baby’s development, carefully assessing key structures to ensure everything is forming as expected.
The scan focuses on major organs, including the brain, heart, kidneys, stomach, bladder, and liver. The sonographer checks for proper size, shape, and function, ensuring these vital organs are developing normally. The spine and limbs are also closely examined, with measurements taken to assess growth and symmetry. The face and skull are reviewed to check for any structural concerns, such as cleft lip or abnormalities in skull formation.
Beyond the baby, the scan also assesses your cervix, placenta, amniotic fluid levels, and umbilical cord. The placenta’s position is checked to rule out placenta previa, a condition where the placenta covers the cervix. Amniotic fluid levels are measured to ensure they are within a healthy range, as too much or too little fluid can indicate complications. The umbilical cord is examined for its structure and blood flow, as this is essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the baby.
Throughout the scan, the sonographer looks for markers of potential abnormalities. These are subtle indicators that might suggest certain conditions, such as chromosomal differences or structural concerns.
If any findings need further evaluation, your healthcare provider may recommend a follow-up scan or additional testing to gather more information. However, in most cases, the scan provides reassurance that your baby is growing and developing as expected.
Whether A Full Bladder Is Needed And How To Prepare
For most morphology scans, a moderately full bladder is required. A moderately full bladder can help lift the uterus and improve visibility, especially in earlier weeks.
To prepare, it’s best to wear loose, comfortable clothing that allows easy access to your abdomen. Some parents find that having a light meal or a cold drink before the scan may encourage the baby to move, which can help with imaging. If you’re unsure about any preparation requirements, check with us ahead of time.
How Long It Takes and What Results You Can Expect
A morphology scan typically takes 45 minutes, but this can vary depending on several factors. If the baby is in a good position, allowing the sonographer to capture all the necessary images easily, the scan may be completed more quickly. However, if the baby is facing away, curled up, or in a position that makes it difficult to assess certain structures, the scan may take longer or require a break to encourage movement.
If the baby’s position prevents a clear view of important areas, the sonographer may ask you to roll onto your side, adjust the tilt of the bed, stand up, or take a short walk to encourage movement. If the baby remains in a difficult position and the sonographer is unable to complete all necessary checks, you may need to return for a repeat scan on another day. This is common and doesn’t necessarily mean anything is wrong—it just ensures a thorough and accurate assessment.
In most cases, the sonographer will not provide detailed results immediately. Instead, they will complete the scan, document their findings, and discuss the information with a reporting QUFW doctor. If there are any concerns or unclear findings, the QUFW doctor may recommend further scans or tests for more information. If everything looks normal, no further action is needed, and the scan simply provides reassurance that your baby is developing well.
An Interview With Our Chief Sonographer, Teresa Clapham
We sat down with Teresa Clapham, Chief Sonographer at Queensland Ultrasound for Women (QUFW), to discuss the clinical importance of the morphology scan and what patients can expect from the experience.
A Comprehensive Assessment at Mid-Pregnancy
The morphology scan, also known as the 20-22 week scan, is a detailed structural assessment of the developing fetus. According to Teresa, its role extends far beyond simply checking the baby’s size or confirming gestational age.
“The morphology scan is our opportunity to assess all the baby’s major organ systems,” Teresa explains. “We look at the brain, spine, heart, kidneys, limbs, and facial structures. It’s a comprehensive screening tool designed to identify any structural anomalies that may affect pregnancy management or outcomes.”
While the scan is performed between 20 and 22 weeks, Teresa notes that the timing is carefully chosen to allow for optimal visibility of fetal anatomy while still offering time for appropriate follow-up if needed.
“By this stage, the baby is developed enough for us to visualise key structures, but we still have the option for further testing, referrals, or decisions if something unexpected is found,” she says.
More Than Just a Gender Reveal
For many parents, a common question is whether they’ll learn the baby’s sex during the scan. Many patients are already aware of the gender of their baby from their NIPT results. During the morphology examination the external genitalia is observed and correlated with the NIPT findings.
What the Scan Can, and Can’t, Detect
Despite the depth of the examination, not all conditions can be detected at the morphology scan. Teresa is clear about its limitations.
“Ultrasound has very good resolution, but there are conditions that may not be visible until later in pregnancy, or at all,” she explains. “Some anomalies are very subtle or may develop later. We always work within the boundaries of what imaging can show at a given stage.”
Patients are informed about the potential for incomplete visualisation, especially if factors such as maternal body habitus or fetal position make parts of the scan difficult.
“If we can’t see something clearly, we’ll recommend a follow-up scan. Our priority is to get accurate, complete information, even if that takes more than one appointment.”
A Shared Experience with Clinical Purpose
Many patients are surprised by how long the scan takes (often 30 to 45 minutes) and how still they’re required to remain.
“It’s a very focused process,” Teresa notes. “We capture and assess a multitudeof specific measurements and images. Some of that is diagnostic, but it’s also about record-keeping, making sure everything is documented clearly for the obstetric team.”
Support people are welcome at most morphology scans, and Teresa says it can be a powerful experience for families.
“It’s often the first time they’ve seen their baby in such detail. The heartbeat, the movement, even facial features, it’s emotional, and we don’t take that for granted.”
Still, she maintains that the role of the sonographer is firmly clinical.
“We love when parents are engaged and ask questions. Communication during the examination is integral in providing both a positive experience for the parents, but our first responsibility is also to do a thorough, systematic scan. That means there will be moments where we’re quiet and concentrating. That’s not a sign something’s wrong, it’s just how we work.”
Question: What does the sonographer do during a morphology scan?
During a morphology scan, the sonographer performs a detailed ultrasound assessment of the fetus, placenta, cervix, uterus, and amniotic fluid. The primary focus is to evaluate the baby’s anatomy and development, checking that major organs and structures are forming as expected. This includes examining the brain, face, spine, heart, lungs, stomach, kidneys, bladder, limbs, and umbilical cord. The sonographer also takes a series of biometric measurements (such as Biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length) to assess fetal growth and confirm gestational age.
The sonographer records a complete set of images for the obstetric team and may use colour Doppler to assess blood flow in certain areas, such as the heart or umbilical cord. If needed, they may ask you to change position or take a short break to encourage fetal movement and improve visibility.
Question: Can a morphology scan pick up all abnormalities?
No, a morphology scan cannot detect all abnormalities. While it is a highly detailed and systematic assessment, there are limitations to what can be seen on ultrasound, even when conditions are ideal. Some structural abnormalities are not visible until later in pregnancy, may develop after the scan, or may be too subtle to detect at this stage. Certain conditions, such as genetic or metabolic disorders, may not present with any visible features on ultrasound at all.
Detection also depends on factors such as fetal position, maternal body habitus, the presence of uterine fibroids or scarring, and the quality of ultrasound equipment. If an abnormality is suspected or if visibility is limited, the sonographer may recommend a follow-up scan, referral to a maternal–fetal medicine specialist, or further testing such as non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), amniocentesis, or MRI.
Question: Will the scan reveal my baby’s sex?
In most cases, yes. The morphology scan can reveal the baby’s sex if the baby is in a favourable position and visibility is clear. The sonographer will examine the external genitalia as part of the scan and can usually determine the sex with reasonable accuracy from around 16 weeks onward.
The sonographer’s main focus is on assessing fetal anatomy and development. If determining the sex is important to you, it’s best to let the sonographer know at the beginning of the appointment. In some cases, the baby’s position or movement may make it difficult to confirm with confidence. This is often correlated with prior NIPT results.
Question: How is a morphology scan different from other prenatal ultrasounds?
The morphology scan differs from other prenatal ultrasounds in its level of detail and its clinical purpose. While earlier scans (such as the dating scan or early anatomy/first trimester screening) focus on confirming pregnancy viability, estimating due date, and assessing early risk factors, the morphology scan provides a full structural review of the fetus at the mid-point of pregnancy (usually between 20 and 22 weeks).
Key differences include:
Scope of assessment: The morphology scan systematically examines each major organ system, measures fetal growth parameters, and evaluates the placenta, cord, uterus, and amniotic fluid. Earlier scans are more limited in what can be visualised due to the fetus’s smaller size.
Timing: Most general ultrasounds occur earlier (around 6–13 weeks) or later (after 28 weeks) and have different goals, such as confirming location, detecting multiple pregnancies, or monitoring growth and wellbeing. The morphology scan is timed specifically for optimal anatomical assessment.
Duration and complexity: The morphology scan usually takes longer and requires more precision. It may involve colour Doppler or additional imaging techniques to assess cardiac and vascular structures. The findings are used to inform pregnancy care and, if necessary, plan for further investigations or specialist referral.
Question: Am I allowed to bring a support person to the scan appointment?
You’re welcome to bring up to two support people to your morphology scan at QUFW. One of these may be a child, provided they are accompanied by an adult who can supervise them during the appointment. Ultrasound scans can take time and involve extended periods of stillness, so it’s important that children are occupied and cared for throughout.
Having a partner, relative, or close friend with you can offer reassurance and make the experience more meaningful. However, as this is a clinical assessment, your sonographer will need to remain focused to ensure precise imaging and measurements.
If your support person can’t be present, you’re welcome to briefly video call them during the scan, where appropriate. Please speak with our staff beforehand to check suitability. For patients attending as surrogates, our team can accommodate specific arrangements and will be happy to discuss this when you book.
Question: What happens if the baby isn’t in the right position to be scanned clearly?
If the baby is not in an ideal position during the scan, the sonographer may ask you to change positions, go for a short walk, or return later in the day. These strategies can encourage the baby to move into a better position, making it easier to obtain clear views of the necessary structures.
In some cases, not all areas can be adequately assessed during the appointment. If this occurs, you may be asked to return for a follow-up scan to complete the assessment. This is relatively common and does not necessarily mean there is a problem, it simply ensures the sonographer can obtain the full set of diagnostic images required for accurate reporting.
Question: What structural anomalies are most commonly assessed during a morphology scan?
During a morphology scan, the sonographer systematically examines the fetus for a range of structural anomalies. These assessments focus on identifying abnormalities that could affect health, development, or require further investigation during pregnancy or after birth.
Commonly assessed areas include:
Central nervous system: Assessment of the brain structures (ventricles, cerebellum, midline) and spine to check for neural tube defects such as spina bifida.
Cardiac structures: Visualisation of the four chambers of the heart, outflow tracts, and great vessels to detect congenital heart defects such as ventricular septal defects or transposition of the great arteries.
Face and neck: Checking for cleft lip or palate, abnormal facial profile, or neck masses.
Abdominal wall and organs: Evaluation of the abdominal wall (for defects such as gastroschisis or omphalocele), stomach, kidneys, bladder, and bowel.
Skeletal system: Assessing limb presence, length, and symmetry to identify limb reduction defects or skeletal dysplasias.
Thorax and lungs: Ensuring normal chest shape and size and identifying masses or signs of diaphragmatic hernia.
Each area is reviewed with multiple cross-sectional images to look for structural deviations. If an abnormality is detected, the patient may be referred for further follow up ultrasound scans (such as a fetal echocardiogram), a fetal MRI depending on the abnormality or further genetic counselling, depending on the findings.
Question: How is foetal biometry used to assess gestational age and growth at the 20–22 week scan?
Fetal biometry involves taking standardised measurements of the fetus to assess both gestational age and growth patterns. At the 20–22 week morphology scan, these measurements help confirm whether the baby is growing in line with expected milestones for the given stage of pregnancy.
Key biometric parameters include:
Biparietal diameter (BPD) – measures the width of the skull at the level of the thalami.
Head circumference (HC) – provides a more comprehensive assessment of head size and development.
Abdominal circumference (AC) – reflects fetal growth and is sensitive to growth restriction or macrosomia.
Femur length (FL) – measures the length of the thigh bone, contributing to overall growth assessment.
These values are compared against gestational age norms to evaluate whether growth is within expected ranges. If measurements fall significantly outside normal parameters, it may prompt further monitoring or investigation to rule out conditions such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), macrosomia, or skeletal dysplasia. Biometry also supports the confirmation of due dates established earlier in pregnancy, though dating is most accurate in the first trimester.
Question: What follow-up investigations are recommended if a soft marker or structural anomaly is detected?
If a structural anomaly is detected during the morphology scan, the next steps depend on the nature, number, and severity of the findings, as well as the patient’s risk factors and preferences. Our QUFW maternal fetal medicine (MFM) and COGU Sonologists will discuss the findings and provide you and your doctor with any further follow up recommendations. Common follow-up investigations include:
Referral for further imaging: Further follow up ultrasounds within QUFW, fetal echocardiography at a Tertiary clinic may be organised to provide further clarity or information.
Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): A blood test that analyses fetal DNA circulating in maternal blood to screen for common chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy 21, 18, and 13.
Amniocentesis: A diagnostic test that samples amniotic fluid to directly analyse the fetal chromosomes or genetic material. This is usually offered when there is a significant concern about a genetic condition.
Fetal MRI: Occasionally used if a central nervous system abnormality is suspected and further anatomical detail is needed beyond what ultrasound can provide.
Serial growth scans: If the anomaly relates to growth parameters or placental function, repeat ultrasounds may be scheduled to monitor fetal growth and wellbeing over time.
Genetic counselling: Offered to help parents understand the potential implications of findings, the likelihood of recurrence, and available testing or support options.
Each case is reviewed individually, and the care team works with the patient to determine the most appropriate pathway based on clinical evidence and personal values.
Book Your Morphology Scan With QUFW
Queensland Ultrasound for Women (QUFW) offers comprehensive morphology scans at four convenient locations across South East Queensland. Our sonographers use advanced imaging technology to provide detailed assessments in a professional, supportive environment.
Throughout pregnancy, ultrasound scans provide important insights into your baby’s development. While the morphology scan is one of the most detailed and essential, it’s just one of several scans that may be performed. Understanding how it differs from other common scans—such as the dating scan and growth scans—can help you know what to expect and why each scan is important.
Each type of scan serves a specific purpose, from confirming your baby’s due date to assessing their growth and development. Below, we compare these scans to help you understand their differences and why your doctor may recommend one at different stages of pregnancy.
This table provides a simple breakdown of each scan, helping you understand what to expect and why your healthcare provider may recommend specific scans at different times during pregnancy.
Scan type
When it’s done
Purpose
What it checks for
Why you might need it
Dating scan
Preferably around 7–12 weeks
Confirms how far along you are and estimates your due date
Measures baby’s size, checks for multiple pregnancies, and confirms heartbeat
If you’re unsure of your last period, have irregular cycles, or need to confirm viability
Early anatomy/First trimester combined screening scan
Preferable completed around 13 weeks-13 weeks 6 days
Assess the development of the fetus, detect the major structural abnormalities at an earlier gestation and evaluate the risk of chromosomal abnormality (particularly Trisomy 21) when no NIPT has been performed
Measures baby’s size, checks for multiple pregnancies, and confirms heartbeat, early anatomy including the brain, spine and limbs and other markers that may indicate chromosomal or structural abnormalities; early check for the placenta
To ensure your baby is developing normally, to detect early concerns and to guide important decisions about care during the pregnancy.
Always recommended following a NIPT result.
To assess your risk for preeclampsia
Morphology scan
Around 20-22 weeks
Detailed assessment of baby’s anatomy and development
Checks major organs, limbs, spine, brain, and placenta location; and cervix
Routine scan to assess fetal health and detect potential abnormalities
Growth scan
Usually after 24 weeks (only if needed)
Monitors baby’s growth and well-being in later pregnancy
Measures baby’s size, checks amniotic fluid levels, and assesses placenta function; also checks cervix
If there are concerns about baby’s growth, amniotic fluid levels, or placenta health
How Does a Morphology Scan Differ from a Dating Scan?
A dating scan is an early ultrasound, is best performed between 6 and 12 weeks, to estimate how far along you are in your pregnancy and provide an estimated due date. It measures the size of the baby (crown-rump length) and confirms viability, checking for a heartbeat and whether you are carrying one baby or multiples.
In contrast, a morphology scan, done between 20 and 22 weeks, is much more detailed. Rather than focusing on gestational age, it examines your baby’s anatomy, including major organs, the spine, limbs, and facial features. It also checks the cervix, placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord to assess overall pregnancy health. While the dating scan is useful for establishing timelines, the morphology scan plays an important role in monitoring your baby’s development and detecting potential abnormalities.
How Does a Morphology Scan Differ from a Growth Scan?
A growth scan is usually recommended later in pregnancy, often after 24 weeks, to monitor your baby’s size, weight, and overall well-being. It is not a routine scan but may be suggested if there are concerns about fetal growth, amniotic fluid levels, or placental function. This scan measures the baby’s head, abdomen, and limb length, checks how well the placenta is working, and assesses blood flow through the umbilical cord.
In contrast, a morphology scan, performed between 20 and 22 weeks, focuses on structural development rather than growth trends. It provides a detailed assessment of the baby’s organs, spine, limbs, and face, helping to identify potential abnormalities. While the morphology scan looks at how the baby is forming, a growth scan checks how well the baby is growing and whether any concerns have developed later in pregnancy.
Why Is the Morphology Scan Important?
A morphology scan is one of the most important ultrasounds during pregnancy because it provides a detailed look at your baby’s development at a critical stage. It helps detect structural abnormalities in major organs, the spine, limbs, and facial features, allowing doctors to identify potential concerns early.
This scan also assesses fetal growth, placental health, and amniotic fluid levels, ensuring that everything is developing as expected. Since it takes place between 20and 22 weeks, it gives healthcare providers time to arrange further testing or monitoring if needed.
Because of its role in assessing both baby and pregnancy health, the morphology scan is a routine part of prenatal care. While most scans provide reassurance that everything is progressing normally, they also help guide decisions about any additional care that may be needed during pregnancy.
When Might Additional Scans Be Needed?
Additional scans may be required if the morphology scan is inconclusive or if further assessment is required. Sometimes, unclear images occur due to the baby’s position, maternal habitus, or amniotic fluid levels, making it difficult for the sonographer to complete all necessary checks. In these cases, a follow-up scan may be scheduled to get clearer images.
If the morphology scan identifies potential abnormalities or concerns, further ultrasounds or specialist scans may be recommended. For example, a fetal echocardiogram may be needed to examine the baby’s heart in more detail, or growth scans may be scheduled later in pregnancy to monitor fetal size and placental function.
These additional scans help your healthcare providers track development, assess any risks, and make informed decisions about pregnancy management. In most cases, follow-up scans provide reassurance, but if concerns remain, your doctor will guide you on the next steps, including any further testing or monitoring needed.
A morphology scan, also known as the 20-week scan, is a detailed ultrasound that checks your baby’s development and growth. It’s usually performed between 20 and 22 weeks of pregnancy and is a routine part of prenatal care.
A morphology scan is an ultrasound that usually takes place between 20 and 22 weeks of pregnancy. It’s a routine scan that provides important information about your baby’s growth and development.
During the scan, the sonographer will carefully examine your baby’s major organs, including the heart, brain, kidneys, stomach, and spine. They will also check the baby’s limbs, facial features, and movements. In addition to assessing the baby, the scan looks at the placenta, amniotic fluid levels,umbilical cord, and cervix to ensure everything is functioning as expected.
The scan usually takes around 45 minutes. However, if the baby is in a difficult position, the sonographer may need extra time to get clear images. In some cases, you may be asked to take a short walk or return later for a repeat scan if the baby’s position makes it hard to complete all the necessary checks.
Do I Need to Prepare for a Morphology Scan?
For most morphology scans, there is little preparation required. In general, you may be asked to wear comfortable clothing that allows easy access to your abdomen. You may be asked to arrive with a moderately full bladder, as this can help improve the clarity of the ultrasound images, especially in earlier weeks of pregnancy.
The QUFW administration team will provide you with specific information about how to prepare for your morphology scan at QUFW at the time of your booking.
What to Do Before Your Appointment
Before your morphology scan, there are a few simple steps you can take to make the experience as smooth as possible.
Hydration: We may ask you to have a moderately full bladder, as this can help improve image quality. However, this is not always necessary, especially later in pregnancy. Please ask us if you are unsure.
Clothing: Wear loose, comfortable clothing that allows easy access to your abdomen. A two-piece outfit (such as a top and pants or skirt) can make things easier, as you’ll only need to lift your shirt rather than remove clothing. We do provide modesty sheets and gowns if required during the examination.
Eating: There’s no need to fast before your scan. In fact, having a light meal or snack beforehand is recommended.
Bringing Support: You are allowed to bring a partner or a support person to attend the scan with you. You are allowed to bring children with you, but we recommend a support person to accompany them in case they require attention during the examination.
Timing: We respectfully request that you plan to arrive15 minutes prior to your appointment and allow at least 45 minutes to an hour for the scan. While most morphology scans take about 45 minutes, extra time may be needed if the baby is in a difficult position or if additional images are required.
What to Expect During the Scan
When you arrive for your morphology scan, you’ll be guided into the ultrasound room, where the sonographer will explain the process before starting.
You’ll be asked to lie on an examination bed, and the sonographer will apply warm ultrasound gel to your abdomen. This gel helps the ultrasound probe glide smoothly over your skin and ensures clear images. The scan itself is painless, though you may feel some mild pressure as the sonographer moves the probe around to get the best views of your baby. If you do feel any discomfort, please bring this to the attention of your sonographer.
The sonographer will carefully examine your baby’s development, checking the brain, heart, kidneys, stomach, spine, limbs, and face. They will also assess the placenta, amniotic fluid levels,umbilical cord, and cervix to ensure everything is functioning as expected.
If your baby is not in an ideal position to visualise certain structures, the sonographer may ask you to change positions, such as rolling onto your side. In some cases, they may ask you to stand up, take a short walk, or gently jiggle your belly to encourage movement. If the baby remains in a difficult position, you may be asked to return for a follow-up scan.
Morphology assessment of the fetal brain
After the Scan: Next Steps
Once your morphology scan is complete, the sonographer will review the images to ensure all the necessary checks have been done. They will not provide a detailed report on the spot but will give the results to a reporting QUFW specialist doctor.
If any concerns are identified, your QUFW doctor may recommend additional scans or tests for further assessment.
Final Tips
To make your morphology scan a smooth and positive experience, try to stay as relaxed as possible. It’s normal to feel a mix of excitement and nerves, but remember that the scan is a routine part of pregnancy care. Taking deep breaths and staying comfortable can help, especially if the sonographer needs to press a little to get clear images.
Allow plenty of time for your appointment. While the scan itself usually takes around 45 minutes, extra time may be needed if your baby is in a difficult position or if additional images are required. Arriving on time and not scheduling anything too soon afterward can help reduce stress in case we are not running to schedule on the day.
Most importantly, please don’t hesitate to ask questions. The sonographer may not be able to give full results, but they can explain what they’re looking at and what to expect next. If you have any concerns, please speak to your doctor.
Video Transcript
This is an overview of the morphology scan and what to expect. The morphology scan is also sometimes called the second trimester anatomy scan. The aim of this ultrasound is to assess the structure and development of your baby where your placenta is positioned, the growth of baby, as well as the amount of amniotic fluids surrounding your baby. This scan is exceptionally important for both you and your doctors to be reassured that both the structure and size of your baby are appropriate for the gestation. It also provides information about the position of your placenta, which is important for delivery planning. For some women, this is the last ultrasound that they have for the duration of their pregnancy. Although there are myriad reasons why you or your Dr. May need or want to follow up ultrasound and here at QUFW, we are able to perform an ultrasound at any gestation for you and your baby.
The morphology scan is typically booked between 18 and 22 weeks gestation. This gestational window is in keeping with national and international guidelines and is a time point where baby is developed enough and large enough for us to assess complex structures like the heart, but baby isn’t so big that it becomes difficult to see things like fingers and toes. The morphology scan includes an extremely detailed assessment that includes baby’s heart, kidneys, brain, face, stomach, chest, spine, abdomen, arms, legs, hands and feet. All this can generally be completed within 30 to 60 minutes depending on various things, including how cooperative baby is on the day. In order to perform your scan, we will need a referral from your doctor and it can be helpful to bring scans that you have had elsewhere in relation to your pregnancy. Different clinics may ask you to prepare in different ways, so please follow the instructions provided here at QFW, we ask that you empty your bladder one hour prior to your ultrasound and then drink two glasses of water and hold your bladder until the time of your scan.
If this is possible for you, we recommend you wear whatever feels comfortable for you while also providing access to your stomach so that we can perform the scan. We also recommend that you eat as you normally would prior to the scan, as it doesn’t impact on our ability to get the information that we need. Your ultrasound is an exciting experience for you and we understand that it is important to share with your family and friends and to have them there as support as it is still a medical procedure. It is imperative that our sonographers and doctors are able to concentrate during the scan whilst taking the necessary images and measurements. Occasionally, our sonographers and doctors may need to discuss unfortunate news found during your appointment, and so this must also be taken into consideration. At QUFW, we allow two support people to attend your appointment. One of these support people may be a child. Sometimes pregnancy ultrasounds can be a long time for your little one to sit still, so we request that the other support person is a supervising adult who may be able to attend to your child during the scan if necessary. We also suggest you leave plenty of time for travel to the practice, finding a park, and making your way comfortably to our site. The morphology scan is an important milestone in your pregnancy journey and we don’t want you to feel rushed or stressed. On arrival.
When you arrive at our practice, you will be welcomed by our lovely receptionists and asked to be seated in our waiting room where you will be collected by your sonographer. In our ultrasound rooms, you will have your own large viewing screen and the sonographer will use a separate screen on their ultrasound machine. The lighting is muted in our scan rooms so that the details on the screens can be clearly seen. The scan will be performed using ultrasound gel on your abdomen to aid with transducer movement and to maintain skin contact to provide optimal imaging results. Here at QUFW, our ultrasound gel is always warmed to a pleasant temperature for the comfort of our clients. You will notice that as we assess your baby, we take images and videos to document what we’re seeing. We also take lots of measurements of baby’s head, abdomen, arms, and legs, and these are taken so that we can calculate an estimated fetal weight and correlate this with your gestational age.
This is different to earlier scans where we are able to measure baby in its entirety because now that we are in the second trimester, baby is too big for us to measure from head to bottom. We cannot predict the size of your baby at delivery from this scan, but we can assess if your baby’s size is appropriate for your gestation. Usually, we are able to get the images we need by scanning across your stomach. However, occasionally we may need to do an internal or transvaginal scan. If this is the case, your sonographer will discuss this with you on the day the ultrasound should not be painful. You may feel some pressure related to the movement of the transducer across your abdomen, and if you do experience discomfort, please let your sonographer know immediately and we can troubleshoot the issue together. On occasion. Imaging can be restricted by fetal position or various technical factors that make it difficult to obtain the necessary images and your sonographer may ask you to change your position on the bed, for example, to roll onto your side or even go for a walk or empty your bladder in an attempt to alter baby’s position.
If we are unable to obtain adequate images, we may need to rebook you for another day to follow up. If a problem is detected on your ultrasound, it will be discussed with you at the time of your appointment in this situation. Further examination may occur by one of our doctors who are maternal fetal medicine and obstetric and gynecology ultrasound specialists. We will be with you every step of the way and communicate all the information with you on the day.
Please let your sonographer know at the beginning of the scan if you would like to discover the sex of your baby. We always assess the external genitalia of your baby and this can be correlated with your NIPT results if they are available. Conversely, if you do not wish to know the sex of baby, then we are happy to keep it a secret. At QUFW, we utilize the TRIC I app to send images to your mobile device directly from our ultrasound system so you receive them immediately on your phone. From this point, you are able to send them to loved ones or print them as you wish. The sify app does not allow for the transfer of audio. However, if you would like to record the sound of your baby’s heartbeat, ask your sonographer and they will be more than happy to facilitate this. However, we do not allow the recording of your examination in its entirety for medicolegal reasons, and this is part of our QUFW policy.
Once your scan is complete, one of our specialist doctors will review your images if there was a suspicious finding that warranted further testing. This is discussed with you immediately at the time of your appointment. You will receive a copy of your report by the Tri Sify app and so will your doctor at QUFW. We know that the morphology scan is an important milestone in your pregnancy journey. We also know that there can be same anxiety surrounding this milestone. We want you to be as relaxed and comfortable as possible so you can enjoy bonding with your little bundle of joy. Please feel free to share your feelings or any questions you may have with your sonographer and we will do our utmost to make this experience a wonderful one for both you and your loved ones.
We sat down with QUFW’s Lyn Stephens to learn more about her role at QUFW’s Ipswich clinic, her passion for obstetric and gynaecology patient care, and more.
Lyn is the clinic coordinator at QUFW’s Ipswich rooms, where she manages the clinic’s operations and, most importantly, makes patients feel right at home.
Lyn’s inspiring story as a QUFW ‘lifer’ is a testament to both her commitment to patient care and the ‘people-first’ culture QUFW brings to its community.
Lyn’s career with QUFW began almost twenty years ago as one of its founding team members. She’s now the clinic coordinator of QUFW’s Ipswich rooms, where she manages patient appointments, stock control, and oversees the team.
However, where Lyn really shines is her passion for patient care.
“I love building rapport with our patients, especially the ones that come back,” she says.
Patient care is important to Lyn during the good times. However, she stresses its importance during times of uncertainty or adversity.
Lyn recalls an emotional story of a patient who had suffered multiple miscarriages and needed weekly scans for reassurance that her baby was OK.
“A lovely patient was coming for multiple ultrasounds, because she’d had about a dozen miscarriages and could not get her head around the fact that she was actually pregnant this time,” Lyn explains.
“She needed weekly reassurance that her baby was okay.”
Thankfully, the patient delivered a healthy baby boy, and she brought him into the clinic to meet Lyn and the team.
“It’s such a lovely ending to her story, which was worrying at times.”
“I don’t think there was a dry eye in the room.”
Such cases allow Lyn to connect deeply with patients, providing them not just medical support but also emotional comfort.
“Because the waiting room is quite small, you get to chat with them and talk about their journey,” she explains.
“It’s quite emotional sometimes.”
“And it’s lovely that you end up being quite good mates with them.”
This personal connection extends to Lyn’s rapport with her colleagues. She describes the workplace at Ipswich as having a supportive and friendly atmosphere, where she and her teammates love working together and often socialise outside of clinic hours.
“I love working with the team at Ipswich.”
“My colleagues, all of the girls, are great.”
“We have a close relationship here.”
Lyn’s Origin Story
Lyn’s professional journey is a wonderful narrative of transition and growth within the healthcare sector, beginning unexpectedly from her days as a café owner.
Her entry into the medical field was sparked by a fortuitous connection with a colleague of QUFW co-owner Assoc. Prof Rob. Cincotta, who frequented Lyn’s coffee shop in Wickham Terrace.
After selling her café and searching for a new opportunity, Lyn was offered a position as a secretary for Assoc. Prof Rob. Cincotta, who, at the time, was about to establish his own obstetric practice.
And so, in 2005, Lyn began her career with Rob’s practice on the same day the business commenced, marking the beginning of what would become a two-decade-long tenure.
“The day that the business started in 2005 is the day that I started with the company,” Lyn explains.
This period was significant for both Lyn’s career and the expansion of the practice. Initially located in Spring Hill, close to her former coffee shop, QUFW eventually outgrew its original premises.
After nine years, it relocated to Little Edward Street to accommodate further growth.
In 2022, Lyn transitioned to a management role in the newly established Ipswich rooms. The new location not only meant a shorter commute but also represented significant growth in Lyn’s career.
“Here was our challenge to build up our new practice and make it as successful as the other QUFW locations,” she reflects.
On Industry Developments
When reflecting on industry changes, Lyn instead explores what has remained consistent at QUFW.
“One thing that hasn’t changed in almost 20 years is the level of care for our patients,” she says.
“That has always been the same from day one and I am proud to be part of a company that will always explain, offer guidance and give reassurance to our patients.”
Lyn also explains how advancements in technology have reshaped the clinic’s operations for the better, particularly via an app called “Tricefy,” which allows sonographers to send ultrasound images directly to patients’ mobile phones in real-time.
Reports are also sent to patients’ phones, streamlining the communication process and ensuring that patients receive information quickly and efficiently.
“Patients are getting their images straight away, and then once the report is done, that’s sent to their phone as well,” she explains.
Lyn also points out that traditional paper-based systems, such as patient referrals and medical records, have been replaced by digital alternatives.
Documents are now scanned and stored electronically, significantly reducing the need for physical storage. This shift has also facilitated better data management practices, including improved cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive patient information.
“The programs that we use now are far more efficient,” she explains.
“We now have in-built SMS messaging, custom task templates, more efficient banking reports and the fact that it is cloud based means we can access it from anywhere.”
Career Challenges
Throughout her extensive career at QUFW, Lyn has encountered numerous challenges, the most significant being the moments when she has had to support patients through devastating news, such as miscarriages or the detection of abnormalities during pregnancy scans.
These experiences are the most difficult aspects of her job, requiring a delicate balance of empathy and professionalism.
“That would have to be the most challenging part, trying to help patients when they’ve just received that really bad news.”
“During this time, it helps to have the support of people who care, and who listen to and empathise with them.”
While Lyn helps patients process their bad news, she must also help them understand the next steps in their clinical journey. This often includes explaining procedural details and associated costs, a task made harder by the patients’ emotional distress.
She describes the complexity of delivering practical information—such as detailing the costs of necessary follow-up procedures like Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis—at a time when patients are least receptive to such details.
“So the doctor and the sonographers do a great job at handling the clinical side of things,” she explains.
“And then I just have to be as gentle and as kind as possible in the next five minutes that they’re in the rooms, and then carefully explain to them the details of what will happen next”.
This delicate balancing act of empathy and efficiency exemplifies an important ‘human’ element in healthcare, making Lyn a cherished member of the QUFW team.
Personal Passions
Beyond her professional life, Lyn discusses how she recharges and maintains her well-being. With nearly ten grandchildren, family is a central part of her life.
Her hobbies include cake decorating—a skill she lovingly applies to making birthday cakes for her grandchildren—cooking, gardening, and maintaining an active lifestyle through regular gym visits.
“I do enjoy cake icing. I have just finished a Taylor Swift cake for my 7-year-old,,” she says with a chuckle.
“And with ‘approaching’ 10 grandchildren I am getting lots of practice.”
Lyn pauses to reflect on her love for camping.
“My husband Peter and I enjoy camping, we have been to some amazing locations in Australia and have lots of plans to venture to many more locations together in the future.”
“I also enjoy cooking, so I get to experiment on lots of recipes when we are out camping as well as at home.”
As we wrap up our chat, it’s obvious why Lyn is such a valued member of the QUFW team. Her story highlights the essential human connection at the heart of healthcare, an important value that, through the dedication of team members like Lyn, QUFW brings to every one of its patients.
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November 2024
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A dating scan is an early ultrasound, is best performed between 6 and 12 weeks, to estimate how far along you are in your pregnancy and provide an estimated due date. It measures the size of the baby (crown-rump length) and confirms viability, checking for a heartbeat and whether you are carrying one baby or multiples.
